EXPRESSWAYS will help India Grow at 12% and become a USD 12 trillion Economy by 2030.

"American roads are not good because America is rich, but America is rich because American roads are good," US President John F Kennedy once said famously.

EXPRESSWAYS will help India Grow at 12%  and become a USD 12 trillion Economy by 2030.

✅Expressways are key to over all Economic Development.

✅$1 spent on Expressways adds more than  $10 to the  Economy.

✅india's freight travels 🚛 🚛 just 250-300 km per day while the world average in developed countries is 800 km per day.

✅The cost of an average shipment over a high-capacity expressway is 70% lower than over single-lane roads.

India has devolved only 1,583 km of expressways after 72 yrs of independence .....far behind china  (142,000km),USA (108,000km),canada (17,000km), Brazil (11,000km),Japan (10,000km).

India needs at least  15,000 km expressway to meet the target  $5 trillion economy by 2024.Expressways can boost Construction Equipment industry,Steel, Cement,Automobile, Agriculture and Foreign Direct investments.

Expresswas Could save billion dollars fuel and transportation cost.we know Indian transportation industry is still dominated by roads transport,roads carry almost 65% of the country’s freight...but on ☑️average one truck travels only 250-300 km per day while the world average in developed countries is 800 km per day.

India  needs 15,000km Expressways by 2024 to boost GDP  $5 trillion.

Example-

1) ✔China-china developed zero to 1.10 lakh km expressway between 1980-2015.

Before expressways China's GDP growth rate was around 🔽4- 5%(1960-1978).

After expressways GDP grow ⏫10%[ 1983], ⏫15.2%[1984], ⏫12%[1987], ⏫14.2%[1992], ⏫13% [1994]and ⏫10.5% [2010].

2) ✔India-

Former PM of India AB Vajpayee's ,The Golden Quadrilateral project,5,846 km national highway project launched in Dec 2000.

Resulted in a 50-70% overall output increase from initial levels for the average district located on the Golden Quadrilateral network.

 India's GDP growth 🔽3.8% in 2002-3,⬆️ 7% in 2004-5, ⬆️9.5% in 2005-6 , ⬆️ picked  10.2% in 2006-7,⬆️9.3% in 2007-8, and ⬆9.6% in 2009-10. and picked all time high ⬆10.8% in 2010-11.

Avobe example  shows that Good road accelerate GDP.Time has changed india needs Expressways to boost GDP 12-15% per annum.

______________

References- 

●India incurs $21.3 billion loss due to delay on roads: Study - The Economic Times 07-Jun-2016.

●Poor logistics infrastructure may cost Rs 7 lakh cr annually by 2020.www.thehindubusinessline.com › 19-Oct-2011.

●Traffic congestion costs four major Indian cities Rs 1.5 lakh crore a yearTimesofindia.indiatimes.com26-Apr-2018 

●Delhi-Mumbai(1400km) Super Expressway to only take 12 hours | Times of India Travel.

Infant Mortality Rate-A dark spot in Gujarat Development story.

 Infant Mortality Rate-A dark spot in Gujarat Development story.

✅India's Infant Mortality at 32 per 1,000.

✅Gujarat Infant Mortality at 30 per 1,000.

✅ India's per capital income USD 2000.

✅ Gujarat per capita income USD 3000.

Every year 12 lakh infants are born in Gujarat. Current fig  30 out of every 1,000 infants die due to malnutrition, premature delivery, or because the mothers are not able to reach the hospital in time.....the fig in year 2000 was more critical, infants mortality rate in Gujarat was 62 out of 1000....almost equivalent to nation.

Though per capita income of Gujarat currently USD 3000, higher than the national average USD 2000.....in year 2000 Gujarat per capit income was just USD 175 below the national average USD 240.

That's imply Gujarat per capit income increases  more than 17 times but in case of infants mortality figure is all most equivalent to nation 

✓India's Infant Mortality at 32 per 1,000.

✓Gujarat Infant Mortality at 30 per 1,000.

Though I am big fan of Gujarat Model of Development,but Infant Mortality-A dark spot in Gujarat development story.

_____

Reference-

15,000 newborn died in Gujarat hospitals in 2 years - www.outlookindia.com ›03-Mar-2020 ·

EMBRAPA -a key reason behind Brazil's extraordinary success.

The  Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa):A key reason behind Brazil's extraordinary success.

EmbrapaThe Engine Behind Brazil's Miracle,R$ 1(Indian rupee 17.20) invested in Embrapa generates an average return of R$ 13.20(Indian rupee 227) for the Brazilian society .Embrapa has transformed Brazil into a  world largest agricultural exporter, Exporter worth approx $120 Billion(over Rs 9 lakh crore).

EMBRAPA is a state-owned agricultural research corporation like The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI ,founded 1905 ).EMBRAPA was founded on April 26, 1973 under the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply. 

EMBRAPA  have played a central role in the development and expansion of Brazilian agriculture in the last 47 years. Motto to "develop research, development and innovation solutions for the sustainability of agriculture, for the benefit of Brazilian society".

This national  research corporation transformed Brazil  from a food importer to one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and world largest grain exporter... Brazil accounting for 10% of global Agricultural export.

Current Brazil's agricultural and food exports worth approx $120 billion...major players-soybe export worth $20Bn,sugarcane $11Bn, coffee $5Bn,Orange juice $2.5Bn etc.

According to Embrapa, which receives most of its funding from the federal government, every R$ 1 invested in Embrapa generates an average return of R$ 13.20 for the Brazilian society.Embrapa reaches R$ 37 billion in social profits in 2017.

I would Like to add Agriculture the  main driving force of Brazilian economy.Agl. represents 22% of Brazil's GDP, 1/3 of all employment and almost 50% of exports. 

The GDP  per capita of  Brazil was $ 800 (year1973), $3700 (2000),$13200( 2011) and  $10,000 (2017)... projected to trend around $12,000  in 2020.

-----------------

Reference -

R$ =Brazilian real=R$1 = ₹17.2(indian rupee )

1.Embrapa reaches R$ 37 billion in social profits in 2017 — Brazil

24-Apr-2018 · www.brazil.gov.br › news › 2018/04 ›

2. www.brics-info.org › role-of-agriculture-...

Role of agriculture sector in Brazil's economy – BRICS Information ...

Agriculture sector, inter alia, with major contribution in Brazil's economy brings ... that “every R$ 1 invested in Embrapa generates an average return of R$ 13.20

3. www.fao.org › agronoticias › detail

Agricultural exports from Brazil increase in 2017 and reach $ 96,000 million | Agronoticias: Agriculture News from Latin America and the Caribbean ...

22-Jan-2018

Gujarat -A Role Model of Development for India.

●Gujarat -A Role Model of Development for India.

●Present- Gujarat per capita income USD 3000 ,higher than the national average USD 2000.

●Past -in year 2000-1,Gujarat  per capita income was just USD 175 ,below the national average USD 240.

Gujarat Model of Development  more ⬆️Successful than the Western....true Swadeshi model.

#Gujarat model can help developing countries in formulating their own economic strategies.

#Gujarat per capita income  ⏫$3000 ,higher than the national average $2000.

#Gujarat  per capita 2000-1 was $175 ,national average  $240.

✅Gujarat Economy is Running like a 🚅Bullet train.

✅Gujarat Economy grew ⏫200%  [Rs 6 Lakh cr to Rs 18 Lakh cr. 2012-19]

✅Expected to grow more than ⏫300% ,2020-27.

✅GUJARAT has huge potenti will be One Trillion Dollar Economy by 2027.

Once upon a time Gujarat was most backward state in india....after 2001 ☑️ Gujarat grew Rs 1Lakh cr -18Lakh cr (2001-19), grew ⏫1700%.

Overall, Gujarat’s gross state domestic product grew  at an average of ⬆16.6% a year from 2001 to 2010, up from an annual average of 5.1% from 1980 to 1990 and 8.2% from 1991 to1998, according to a report of planning commission(Niti Aayog).

The state  has #World class infrastructure# Business environment#Good export policy#.

✔1#Gujarat become the 🚘Detroit of India.

Tata, Suzuki, Ford, General Motors, Honda,SAIC motor,Toyota  and Hero MotoCorp, has state-of-the-art manufacturing units  in and around Sanand, making the region a major automotive hub. Gujarat will have car manufacturing capacity of 🚘 25 lakh units or more by 2020.

✔2. #Gujarat International Finance Tech City (GIFT City).emerging business hubs in the world.

India's international financial services centre at the Gujarat International Finance Tech City (GIFT City) made its global mark by being named among the top three emerging business hubs in the world.

$11 billion(RS 77000 cr) GIFT City ,will be able to attract a great number of finance and tech firms....can generate  good jobs.

✔ 3. Gujarat export economy could touch $ 250 billion USD by 2027-28.

At present Gujarat's share in export around  22% (2017-18), $70 billion....able to touch  $250 billion by 2027-28.Gujarat exports a wide variety of items - gems and jewellery, agriculture, automobiles, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, textiles...etc.

✔ 4 . Gujarat become top investment destination.

 Gujarat got Investment proposals total 1 lakh crores  in 2018.The state got 💰FDI proposals worth $3.8 billion (Rs 26,000) crores from Japan, china,Taiwan, South Korea, European countries.... FDI will be double 50,000cr in the next 5-6yers.

✔ 5. Real estate boom in Gujarat.

 Barren land to world class Green field smart city:DHOLERA

Dholera  will be  bigger than #Shanghai .Dholera’s design and construction is world class and will become the role model for all future cities in India. DHOLERA project can generate house as many as 20 lakh people,Employment 30 lakh in sector such as construction,finance,manufacturing and retail.

✔ 6. Gujarat eyes 8 crore tourists  per year##2.20 lakh tourists  per day  by 2020.

3000 cr Statue of Unity can  boost Gujarat's annual tourist  to 80 million (8cr)....can generate Foreign currency,Employment near one million. Gujarat has presence of important pilgrimage destinations like Ambaji, Dakore, Dwarka and Somnath. 

Gujarat is going to invest another Rs 11,000-crore in 220 tourism-related projects. Gujarat spends #Rs 200 core every year for promotion and branding of Gujarat tourism at various domestic and global platforms....tourism industry at present contributes near 9% of state's GDP.....capacity  to contribute 15% of state's GDP.

✔ 7 . Gujarat's ports -world’s gate way to india.

Ports are the gateway to Gujarat  economic growth.Gujarat’s ports account for 26% of total national cargo and 72% of cargo handled by ports under State Governments of India. If the Kandla port is included, Gujarat handles 35% of the national cargo.

✔ 8. Gujarat emerging as textile hub of India.Investment Destination for Textile Industry.

Gujarat is rightly known as the “Textile State of India” contribute  15% export .India's  Textile export expected to cross  $300 billion(Rs 21 lakh cr )  by 2025.

✔ 9. Gujarat  the global Diamond hub.

Surat, famous for  diamond processing and trading . Around 15000 diamond units located in surat,employs near one million . 

 8 out of 10 diamonds  on the global market were cut and polished in Surat. India's Cut and polished diamond export expected to cross  $60 billion(Rs 4.20 lakh crore ) by 2020.

✔ 10 . Mumbai -Ahmedabad 🚅🚅Bullet train.

 #Bullet train will help Gujarat to become  $1 trillion economy by 2027.

High speed rail network has  many layers of Economic benefits. High speed rail network can boost  -GDP, per capita income, manufacturing sector,Agrarian, tourism industry, FDI,can reduce transport cost up to 300%,can reduce Oil  consumption  ,can increase standard of living...etc.

High speed rail network can boost Gujarat's Economy.High speed rail network can boost FDI, tourism, transport, Manufacturing and service sectors in Gujarat .

When Japan launched its first bullet train in 1964, its per capita GDP was only  $835.... When China launched its high speed trains in 2008, its per capita GDP was $3,500. Now, Japan's per capita GDP is over $ 38,000(45×835), China's is over $ 9,500(2.7×3500).

Ahmedabad-Mumbai Highspeed Rail network  could boost  per capita GDP.

✔ 11.Gujarat sets 30000 MW renewable energy generation by 2022.

Investment potential 💰$22 billion(1.5lakh cr) by 2022.At present, the state has a total of 9,670 MW production of renewable energy which includes 6,880 MW wind energy and 2,654 MW solar energy. 

✔ 12 GUJARAT per capita income around $3000, higher than national average $2000.Expected to reach ⬆️$20000 by 2030.

So, undoubtedly Gujarat Model of Development  one of most successful model ..... Gujarat model more successful than the Western...Gujarat model can help developing countries in formulating their own economic strategies.

                                                                    --------------

✔ Reference-

Gujarat received Rs 24,012 crore FDI in first half of FY20 - The Financial Express >02-Jan-2020 .

RUSSIA will become $5 trillion Economy in the Next 6-7 years.

RUSSIA will become $5 trillion Economy in the Next 6-7 years.

Oil Price volatility Is hurting Russia's Economy. ECONOMIC

DIVERSIFICATION needs in RUSSIA ,Oil based Economy to manufacturing ,tourism and Agricultural,Russia could reach USD 5 trillion by 2027,currently Russia  USD 1.6 trillion.

Russia is a major player in oil and gas production worldwide. It is the second largest producer of natural gas and the third largest producer of oil.

Oil and gas are responsible for more than 60% of Russia's exports and provide more than 30% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).A dip in oil prices between 2014 and 2016 caused big losses to the Russian economy. 

Oil Price ⏫and Russia  Economy ⏫.

GDP of  Russia  grew $280 billion  in 2000 to $1800 billion ($1.8 trillion)  in 2008....near 7 fold jump.

At that time  oil prices began to recover from their low of $10 per barrel  (year 2000) and over the next decade climbed inexorably to a peak of about $150.

crisis started in 2014 -2016, oil prices  decreased  $ 75 to $50 , GDP  value back to $1.2 trillion ... Russia still a Oil based country.... If  it continue ,GDP may back to $1trillion or less.....  Oil Price Volatility Is Hurting Russia's Economy.

Future Trends of Global oil market

Accroding to Stanford economist Tony Seba ,Electric vehicles will kill global oil industry by 2030.

I think Economic diversification nasseary in Russia.Oil based Economy to manu-facturing,tourism  and Agricultural. 

We know in 1960s and 1970s, the country that was the big growth story due to high demand in oil.we know at that time, Its space program grew; its military program grew; and it became much more industrialized. 

But in 80s global oil consumption slowed ,which  stoped the amazing growth story of Soviet . The Soviet Union became the Former Soviet Union in late 1991.

Russia Economy under president Vladimir Putin.

1◆Quality of life increased almost triple -Before Putin’s election, Russia had a $9,889 GDP per capita by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The figure had almost tripled by 2017 reached $27,900.

The average nominal monthly wage has grown almost 11-fold from $61 to $652. Unemployment has contracted from 13 percent to 5.2 percent. Pensions have grown over 1,000 percent in the same period from $20 to $221.

2◆Russian gold reserves have increased by more than 500 percent since 2000.

3◆ Russian foreign reserves increased  $12.5 billion(year 2000) to $530 billion...has grown almost 42 fold.

4◆ Reforms in Banking sector#Healthy and robust banking system is important for the health of the modern economy.

reforms in Banking sector one of the major steps under putin govt,in 1990s thousands of small bank were set up in Russia ,now the number of bank fallen from  4500 to 500 today ,reforms make easier to regulate.

5◆ poverty rate decline  from 29% in 2000 to 10.7% in 2012. 

6◆Ease of doing business rank has improved,Ranked 31 in 2018 from Ranked 124 in 2010.

Needs to focus on Tourism 

Russia has huge potential in Tourism.....tourism industry  could contribute 15% to GDP, but current level 4%.

Needs to focus on  R&D 

Russia currently spends around 1% of its national income on R&D needs at least 2.5 %. 

Needs to focus on SMEs

The contribution of small and medium-sized businesses to GDP is only 20%, needs at least 40%.

Small Businesses contributes  50%,57%,60% and 70%  of U.S.,Germany, China and Japan Economy. 

The above fig shows  In developed countries small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) generate about a half of the GDP and jobs.

Regional wise special Economic policy needs

Regionaldisparity high in Russia,needs regional wise special Economic policies. 

Russia has huge potential, i think Economic diversification could boost Russia's Economy..... Russia could reach USD  5 trillion in next 6-7 years.

------------------

References 

◆energi.media >Electric vehicles will kill global oil industry by 2030, says Stanford economist.

◆Oil Prices And The Fall Of The Soviet Union www.businessinsider.com 11-Aug-2011.

◆Russia is in trouble as energy prices fall |Financial Times>09-Aug-2015 ·

Renewable energy can Ensure Fourth Industrial Revolution.

✔Renewable energy can Ensure  Fourth Industrial Revolution.

 ✔Renewable energy can Ensure High Per Capita Income.

✔Renewable energy can ensure global peace and prosperity.

 ✔Renewable Energy Could Save $160 Trillion In Climate Change Costs by 2050.

The International Renewable Energy Agency( IRENA) predicts that within the next two years, solar and wind projects will be able to deliver electricity for as little as $0.03(Rs 2.1) per kWh......right now per kWh rate in Germany  ($0.34/Rs 24),Japan  ($0.29),France  ($0.19),usa ($0.15

in India,according to  The Energy and Resources Institute ( TERI ) Solar energy cost to fall to Rs 1.9 ($0.02) per unit  and wind Rs 2.3 per unit  by 2030. ..coal could be expensive Rs 4.85- RS 6.98 per kWh by 2030.

Key points in favour of Renewable Energy

✔ 1) #Half the World to Face Severe Water Stress by 2030.#Renewable energy can save trillion gallons  of  water every year #

Coal power plants use enough water to supply the needs of 1 billion 0r 100cr people and that will almost double if all the world’s planned power plants come online.

According to  U.S. Geological Survey estimates that thermoelectric plants withdrew 195 billion gallons of water per day in 2000, of which 136 billion gallons(3.7 Liter=one gallon) was fresh water.

So,Water scarcity is another risk for non-renewable power plants. Coal, nuclear, and many natural gas plants depend on having sufficient water for cooling, which means that severe droughts and heat waves can put electricity generation at risk. Wind and solar photovoltaic systems do not require water to generate electricity .

✔2) Renewable energy  can save multi billion of dollars electric bill.

#Example -

Renewable  Energy Can Save Business Money.Renewable energy  can save billion  of dollars in energy costs over several years.

The Googleplex headquarters in Mountain View California has over 9,212 solar panels ,capacity 1.6 MW,roughly the equivalent of 1,000 California homes...this installation saves Google $393,000 (Rs 3 cr ) in electricity every year.

We know every company want to reduce their Operating Cost In Business and want to  increase their profits..... I think renewal energy can ensure high profits.

_________

Referances 

•Coal plants use as much water as 1 billion people and consumption set to double  if all the world’s planned power plants come online.22-Mar-2016 · Coal/www.theguardian.com

•Egypt receives two bids under $0.03/kWh in 200 MW solar tender – pv magazine ...07-Aug-2018.

•Two-fifths of global coal power stations operating at loss -www.power-technology.com ›30-Nov-2018.

•Renewables May Prove Cheaper Than 96% of Coal Plants Worldwide by 2030.29-Nov-2018 ·greentechmedia.com

India Needs Speed Revolution to attain 10-12% GDP growth.

INDIA NEEDS SPEED REVOLUTION TO ATTAIN 10-12% GDP GROWTH.

■भारत में गति क्रांति की आवश्यकता है■ उच्च गति के बिना भारत $5 ट्रिलियन अर्थव्यवस्था हासिल नहीं कर सकता है वर्ष 2024  तक ■ भारत में मालगाड़ियों की औसत गति  24 किमी प्रति घंटा ,यात्री ट्रेनें 44 किमी प्रति घंटा.

✅India should go for high-speed Rail network without high speed India can't achieve $5 trillion economy by 2024.

Indian Railways is often called the lifeline of the nation#✔Average speed of freight trains is 24 km per hour whereas passenger trains run at 44 km per hour# Indian Railways transported over 1223 million tonnes of freight in FY19#Indian Railways carries over  25 million passengers daily.

✔High speed rail network #Bullet Train  project will transform India’s economy to $5 trillion by 2024 ....$12 trillion Economy by 2030.

India needs  bullet train services (Per capita income three times higher than national average).

✅1]🚅]Kolkata-➡️Bhubaneswar-

Vishakapatnam-Vijayawada--Chennai-

➡️Bangalor(1900km).

   Vijawada-Hyderabad.

✅2] 🚅Mumbai-➡️Nashik➡️Nagpur (810km).

✅3]🚅Delhi ➡️Agra - lucknow ➡️varanasi (780 km).

✅4]🚅Ongoing project  Mumbai ➡️Ahamdabad (500km).

Above mention places has huge potential (Per capita income three times higher than national average.)

■ECONOMIC  BENEFITS HIGH SPEED RAIL NETWORK ■

High speed rail network has  many layers of Economic benefits. High speed rail network can boost  -GDP, per capita income, manufacturing sector,Agrarian, tourism industry, FDI, reduce transport cost up to 300%, reduce Oil Import bill , increase standard of living...etc.

1.✔HSR can contribute10-12 % to GDP.HSR  can boost -Agriculture,manufacturing,

Service sector, tourism,logistics & FDI.

2.✔HSR can reduces Oil Import bill,india can save multi billions dollars .india's crude oil import bill Rs 8.75 Lakh crores ( $125 billion) in 2018-19,increased 42% from $88 billion in 2017-18. If its continues at current rate ,In  next 2-3 years india's crude oil import bill may hit $357 billion/25 lakh crore.

According to the International union of Railways (UIC), high-speed rail is eight times more energy efficient than airplanes and four times more efficient than automobile. It will also decrease greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. 

3. ✔High speed rail (HSR)can boostTourism Industry.Chinese provinces with HSR services received 30% more international tourists and 35% more revenue than those without them.

4.✔When Japan launched its first bullet train in 1964, its per capita GDP was only  $835.... When China launched its high speed trains in 2008, its per capita GDP was $3,300. Now, Japan's per capita GDP is over $ 38,000(45×835), China's is over $10000(3×3300).

5.✔High speed rail network can generate  millions of good jobs....can generate middle class...can boost automobile industry ,real estate,FDI ....etc 

6.✔towns connected to a new high-speed line saw their GDP rise by at least 10% compared to neighbours not on the route.

7.✔HSR Increases Economic Activity:Every $1 invested  can generate  $8-$10 economic activity

■THE IMPACT OF BULLET  TRAIN IN  CHINA■

China went through massive development phase in the last decades becoming the second largest economy, China faced the same dilemma as India whether to increase the speed of its tracks or go for the construction of bullet trains.

But China began bull Train services on April 18, 2008...China becomes world's largest bullet-train network 25000km.... the network will soon reach a total length  30,000km.

At the same time( 2008-18 )China Economy grew more than 3 fold  ,From $4 trillion to $13 trillion.

At the same time  FDI flows in China  grew $82 billion to $330 billion.. over four fold.

So, I think India needs speed Revolution,as early as possible.

___________________

Referance-

Average speed of freight trains is 24 km per hour whereas passenger trains run at 44 km per hour. The Economic Times 31-May-2018

W🌐rld Needs a New Development Bank - SAARC Agricultural Development Bank.

W🌐rld needs a Large  International Bank -SAARC Agricultural Development Bank.

The  Bank will be india's biggest international brand.

Asia has a massive Agricultural Funding Gap.

Asia's food and agricultural industry will need additional investments of USD 800 billion over next decade to grow to a sustainable size and reach a point where it can feed itself.

 So,Asia Needs a New Agricultural  Development Bank  ,india lead SAARC Agricultural Development Bank.

The bank can change Asia's agricultural growth story.

SAARC Agricultural  Development  Bank: will be "Bank of the century" #will be india's biggest international brand.

#SAARC Agricultural Development Bank  can lead Industrial Revolution in Asia#

#SAARC Agricultural Development Bank can boost  UN Sustainable Development Goals.Peace ,prosperity & Stability. 

More than 2.2 billion (220 crore)people in Asia depends  on agriculture for their livelihoods. ✅#India can build  a new bank  #SAARC Agricultural Development Bank(HQ India ) #This initiative can change Asia's agricultural growth story. Saarc agricultural bank  can reduce poverty in the Asian region,can boost  agricultural productivity and inovation, rural housing,rural infrastructure and  renewable energy.

Saarc agricultural bank can boost rural employment  through  small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts and other allied economic activities in rural areas.

I think Saarc Agricultural  Development Bank will be more effective ...can boost farmers income...can improve living standard in rural areas ...can leads industrial revolution in Asian.

SAARC Agricultural Development Bank can ensure Economic growth, Food Security,Peace, prosperity &  Stability.

SAARC Agricultural Development Bank can boost  UN Sustainable Development Goals.

-----------------------

Ref-Agriculture Remains Central to the World Economy. 60% of the Population Depends on Agriculture for Survival | ExpoNet - Expo 2015.

www.expo2015.org › magazine ›